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Problem of the Week
Problem D and Solution
Blocked Numbers

Problem

Twelve blocks are arranged as illustrated in the following diagram.

The blocks are placed side by side. Each block has either a capital letter or a number on its front face. The fronts of the blocks show the sequence 4, B, C, D, E, F, 5, H, J, K, L, 7.

Each letter shown on the front of a block represents a number. The sum of the numbers on any four consecutive blocks is \(25\). Determine the value of \(B + F + K\).

Solution

Since the sum of the numbers on any four consecutive blocks is the same, looking at the first five blocks, we have \[4+B+C+D=B+C+D+E\] Subtracting \(B\), \(C\), and \(D\) from both sides gives \(E=4\). Similarly, looking at the fifth through ninth blocks, we can show \(J=4\).

Again, since the sum of the numbers on any four consecutive blocks is the same, looking at the third through seventh blocks, we have \[C+D+E+F=D+E+F+5\] Subtracting \(D\), \(E\), and \(F\) from both sides gives \(C=5\). Similarly, looking at the seventh through eleventh blocks, we can show \(L=5\).

Once more, since the sum of the numbers on any four consecutive blocks is the same, looking at the eighth through twelfth blocks, we have \[H+J+K+L=J+K+L+7\] Subtracting \(J\), \(K\), and \(L\) from both sides, gives \(H=7\). Similarly, looking at the fourth through eighth blocks, we can show \(D=7\).

Filling in the above information, the blocks now look like:

The fronts of the blocks show the sequence 4, B, 5, 7, 4, F, 5, 7, 4, K, 5, 7.

We will present two different solutions from this point.

Solution 1:
Since the sum of any four consecutive numbers is 25, using the first 4 blocks \[\begin{aligned} 4+B+5+7&=25\\ B+16&=25\\ B&=9\end{aligned}\] Similarly, we can show \(F=9\) and \(K=9\).

Therefore, \(B + F + K=27\).

Solution 2:

We note that the twelve blocks are three sets of four consecutive blocks. Each of these three sets have a total of 25, so the total sum of the blocks is \(3 \times 25 = 75\).

The sum is also \[4 + B + 5 + 7 + 4+ F + 5 + 7 + 4 + K + 5 + 7 = 48 + B + F + K\]

This means \[48 + B + F + K=75\] or \[B+ F + K = 27\] Therefore, \(B + F + K = 27\).