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Problem of the Week
Problem D and Solution
Missing the Fives II

Problem

Bobbi lists the positive integers, in order, excluding all multiples of 5. Her resulting list is \[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, \ldots\] If the \(n\)th integer in Bobbi’s list is \(2023\), what is the value of \(n\)?

Solution

Solution 1

Note that \(2023\) is two integers before \(2025\), which is a multiple of \(5\).
Beginning at \(1\), \(2025\) is the \(405\)th multiple of \(5\), since \(\frac{2025}{5} = 405\). That is, the integers from \(1\) to \(2025\) contain \(405\) groups of \(5\) integers.
Each of these \(405\) groups contain one integer that is a multiple of \(5\), and so Bobbi leaves out \(406\) integers (including \(2024\)) in the list of all integers from \(1\) to \(2025\). If the \(n\)th integer in Bobbi’s list is \(2023\), then \(n = 2025 - 406 = 1619\).

Solution 2

Note that \(2023\) is two integers before \(2025\), which is a multiple of \(5\).
Beginning at \(1\), \(2025\) is the \(405\)th multiple of \(5\), since \(\frac{2025}{5} = 405\). That is, the integers from \(1\) to \(2025\) contain \(405\) groups of \(5\) integers.
In Bobbi’s list of integers, she leaves out the integers that are multiples of \(5\), and so in every group of five integers, Bobbi lists four of these integers. However, she also does not list \(2024\). Thus, if the \(n\)th integer in Bobbi’s list is \(2023\), then \(n = 405 \times 4 - 1= 1619\).